Wat Phnom is one of Phnom Penh’s most iconic historical and religious landmarks, and the site that gave the city its name. Rising approximately 27 metres above the surrounding area, the temple was traditionally founded in 1372–1373 by Lady Penh, following the discovery of sacred Buddhist images in a floating tree along the Mekong. Today, Wat Phnom remains a significant place of Buddhist devotion, Khmer heritage, and Phnom Penh’s history, surrounded by greenery in the heart of the capital.
Wat Phnom carries deep historical and cultural meaning as the birthplace of the name Phnom Penh. According to local legend, Lady Penh built the hill and temple to enshrine four sacred Buddha images and a stone deity discovered in a floating tree, establishing a place of worship that became central to the area’s identity.
The site is also connected with King Ponhea Yat, who established his capital at Phnom Penh in 1434 after moving from Angkor. The temple complex contains a large stupa associated with the king and his royal family, linking Wat Phnom to the early history of Phnom Penh and the Cambodian monarchy.
Over the centuries, the temple and stupa have been rebuilt and renovated several times, reflecting the continuing importance of the site. A historical monument dedicated to King Sisowath also recalls Cambodia’s history during the French Protectorate and the 1907 Franco-Siamese Treaty, making Wat Phnom a place where religious traditions and national history meet.
Uncovering the Sacred Arts in Temples and Shrines
Visitors can climb Wat Phnom Hill and explore the temple, shrines, and peaceful surroundings while learning about the legend of Lady Penh and the origins of Phnom Penh. The hill is surrounded by mature trees that provide a tranquil escape from the busy city centre, while monkeys and birds can often be seen among the greenery.
Inside the temple complex, visitors can discover Buddhist images, traditional religious artwork, and sacred spaces, as well as the large stupa associated with King Ponhea Yat and the royal family. The site offers an opportunity to experience both Buddhist devotion and the historical layers of Phnom Penh.
